Journal article

Wilkinson C, Liu CYJ, Shrimpton S, Greenway E. 2024. Craniofacial identification standards: a review of reliability, reproducibility, and implementation Forensic Science International, DOI Publisher Url Public Url

Wilkinson CM, Saleem S, Liu CYJ, Roughley M. 2023. Revealing the face of Ramesses II through computed tomography, digital 3D facial reconstruction and computer-generated Imagery Journal of Archaeological Science, 160 DOI Author Url Publisher Url Public Url

Omran A, Wertheim D, Smith K, Liu CYJ, Naini FB. 2020. Mandibular shape prediction using cephalometric analysis: applications in craniofacial analysis, forensic anthropology and archaeological reconstruction. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg, 42 DOI Author Url Publisher Url Public Url

Liu CJ, Wilkinson C. 2020. A guided manual method for juvenile age progression using digital images Forensic Science International, 308 DOI Author Url Publisher Url Public Url

Liu CJ, Wilkinson C. 2019. Image conditions for machine-based face recognition of juvenile faces Science and Justice, 60 :43-52 DOI Author Url Publisher Url Public Url

Bulut O, Liu C-YJ, Gurcan S, Hekimoglu B. 2019. Prediction of nasal morphology in facial reconstruction: Validation and recalibration of the Rynn method Legal Medicine, 40 :26-31 DOI Author Url Publisher Url Public Url

Bulut O, Liu C-YJ, Koca F, Wilkinson C. 2017. Comparison of three-dimensional facial morphology between upright and supine positions employing three-dimensional scanner from live subjects Legal Medicine, 27 :32-37 DOI Author Url Publisher Url Public Url

Deng Q, Zhou M, Wu Z, Shui W, Ji Y, Wang X, Liu CYJ, Huang Y, Jiang H. A regional method for craniofacial reconstruction based on coordinate adjustments and a new fusion strategy Forensic Science International, DOI Author Url Publisher Url

Artefact

Wilkinson C, Liu C. 2023. Facial depiction of a young Viking from St John’s Oxford, on display at St John's College, Oxford (3D printed replicas) Author Url Publisher Url

Liu C, Castaneyra-Ruiz M, Greenway E, Wilkinson C. 2023. 3D Replica of a skull from Dalton Parlours, on display at Leeds City Museum

Liu CY, Shrimpton S, Roughley M, Smith K, Wilkinson C. 2020. Facial depiction of two Mesolithic individuals from Norway (3D printed replicas) on display at Bergen City Museum

Smith KA, Roughley MA, Liu CYJ, Hengelhaupt ID, Wilkinson CM. 2018. Facial depiction (3D printed replica) of a 17th Century Scottish Soldier known as SK22 for the exhibition “Bodies of Evidence”, Palace Green, Durham Author Url Publisher Url

Wilkinson CM, Shrimpton SL, SMITH K, LIU C, Roughley MA. 2017. Facial depiction of George Lister and Elizabeth Dibb (3D printed replicas) on display at Washburn Heritage Centre Publisher Url

Design

Wilkinson C, Liu C, Roughley M. 2023. 3D Facial depiction of Cleopatra VII featured in “Cleopatra’s Secret Tomb” episode 2 Author Url Publisher Url

Pollier-Green P, Roughley M, Liu C. 2023. Three digital portraits of Fanchon Fröhlich in collaboration with the British Art and Design Association (BADA): an age progression, an Al animated photograph, and a 3D digital portrait generated from multiple photographs of Fanchon from the BADA archives. Exhibited in 'The Wrong Sex' (2023) at Exhibition Research Lab Author Url

Liu C, Shrimpton S, Wilkinson C. 2023. 2D Facial depiction of a Roman man from Dalton Parlours, on display at Leeds City Museum

Wilkinson C, Liu C. 2022. Facial depiction of an individual from St John's College, Oxford, for the 2022 Royal Institution Christmas Lectures. Publisher Url

Wilkinson C, Liu C, Roughley M. 2022. 3D facial depiction of Pharaoh Ramesses II at 80 years old and an age regression at 45 years old featured in the documentary "L'Egypte, une passion française" Publisher Url

Liu C, Wilkinson C, Greenway E, Roughley M. 2022. Digital facial depiction of a young male from the Anglo Saxon Period known as 'Beornwine' on display at West Stow Anglo-Saxon Village Publisher Url

Liu C, Roughley M, Wilkinson C. 2022. Facial depiction of Leasowe Man (2022 update) on display at Museum of Liverpool Publisher Url

Liu C, Roughley M, Shrimpton S, Wilkinson C. 2022. 3D Facial Depiction of B37 (13-14 years) from Kilkenny Ireland, with a Digital Movie and a skull replica, on display at Medieval Mile Museum, Kilkenny Publisher Url

Wilkinson C, Godfrey B, Liu C. 2021. Convict Faces (Average): Georgia Prisoners in Black and White Publisher Url

Wilkinson C, Shrimpton S, Liu C, Pinheiro Flores M. 2020. Facial reconstruction of remains found on Glenrothes industrial estate Publisher Url

Liu C, Roughley M, Shrimpton S, Wilkinson C. 2020. Facial depiction of two Mesolithic individuals from Norway on display at Bergen City Museum

Liu C, Shrimpton S, Roughley M, Wilkinson C. 2020. 3D facial depiction of Abbot John of Wheathampstead on display at St. Albans Cathedral Publisher Url

Liu C, Wilkinson C, Godfrey B. 2020. Convict Faces (Average): Arizona State Archives

Liu C-YJ, Shrimpton S, Wilkinson C. 2019. Facial depiction of a Medieval Scottish individual excavated from a site in Tarbat display at Tarbat Discovery Centre, Scotland Publisher Url Public Url

Wilkinson C, Shrimpton S, Liu C, Roughley M. 2018. Facial depiction of an Iron Age male in his 60's featured on Digging for Britain, Season 7 Episode 4 'Iron Age Revealed' Author Url Publisher Url

Liu C, Roughley M, Wilkinson C. 2018. Facial depiction of a Neolithic individual excavated from a site in Switzerland on display at Museum Burghalde in Lenzburg Author Url

Liu C, Burton I, Shrimpton S, Wilkinson C. 2018. Facial depictions of WW1 German soldier excavated from a battlefield near the French Village of Bullecourt. Featured on Digging for Britain: 'East', Series 7 Episode 3 Publisher Url

Liu CYJ, Roughley MA, Wilkinson CM. 2017. Facial depiction of a 2nd Century older Roman female found as an isolated burial in Dunstable Author Url Publisher Url

Wilkinson CM, Liu CYJ, Hengelhaupt ID, Roughley MA. 2017. Facial depiction of Skeleton 22 - 17th Century Scottish soldier found buried at Durham Cathedral, for the exhibition 'Bodies of Evidence' at Palace Green Library, Durham Cathedral. Author Url Publisher Url

Liu CYJ, Wilkinson CM, Roughley MA. 2017. Facial depiction of a 19th century individual (POW) with a craniotomy: Featured on BBC4, Digging for Britain, Series 8, Episode 4, 04/DEC/2019, 21:00 Author Url Publisher Url

Liu CY, Wilkinson CM, Roughley MA. 2017. Facial Depictions of Liffs Low man and Fin Cop 8 on display as part of the 'Wonders of the Peak' exhibition at Buxton Museum Author Url Publisher Url

Wilkinson CM, Liu C, Smith K, Roughley MA. 2017. Illustrations for the article "Three individuals, three stories, three burials from medieval Trondheim, Norway" Author Url

Wilkinson CM, Liu C, Roughley MA. 2017. Facial Depiction of a Tudor Dubliner Author Url Publisher Url

wilkinson CM, smith K, liu C, Roughley MA. 2016. Facial depictions of 3 medieval Norwegians for the exhibition "Hvor kommer du fra?/From where do you hail?" at Bryggens Museum, Bergen, Norway 01 Oct 2016 - 13 Aug 2017 Author Url Publisher Url

wilkinson CM, Roughley MA, liu C. 2016. Facial depiction of Leasowe man on display at Liverpool Museum Publisher Url

Liu C, Wilkinson C, Greenway E. Facial depiction of K-ZC1-3 from Tamil Nadu India 500-2000BC

Greenway E, Liu C, Wilkinson C. 2D Facial depiction of K121 from Tamil Nadu India 500-2000BC

Roughley M, Liu C, Wilkinson C. 2D Facial depiction of Saint Jeanne of Lestonnac at age 83 years old based on a death mask

Liu C, Roughley M, Wilkinson C. 2D Facial depiction of Saint Jeanne of Lestonnac at age 54 years old (Age regression)

Poster

Liu C-YJ, Wilkinson C, Roch A, Zesch S, Mussauer A, Paladin A, Zink A. 2022. Facial depiction of a Roman Period mummy with portrait from the Fayoum Oasis, Egypt The World Mummy Congress Author Url Public Url

Dickinson T, Liu C-YJ, Roughley M. 2022. The affordances of 3D imaging modalities for forensic facial identification 19th Biennial Meeting of the International Association for Craniofacial Identification Public Url

Roughley M, Liu C-YJ. 2021. Digital 2D, 2.5D and 3D methods for generating photo-realistic 3D facial depictions of people from the past 19th Biennial Meeting of the International Association of Craniofacial Identification: "Race and Face: bias in forensic and archaeological investigation". Liverpool John Moores University Public Url

Thesis/Dissertation

Liu CYJ. 2018. Facial identification from online images for use in the prevention of child trafficking and exploitation Wilkinson C, Hanneghan M, Sudirman S. Public Url

Exhibition

Wilkinson C, Godfrey B, Liu C, Maxwell-Stewart H. Convicts Publisher Url

Schofield J, Duffy T, Wilcox M, Embery E, Krysa J, Leaper H, Roberts E, Wilkinson C, Wilkinson D, Liu C, Roughley M, Pollier P. Fanchon Fröhlich: The Wrong Sex (2023) at Exhibition Research Lab, 17/02/2023-14/05/2023 Publisher Url

Roughley M, Liu C. ‘Science, not Fiction’ (2022) at Glastonbury Festival, Science Futures area exhibiting a 3D facial depiction of Abbot John of Wheathampstead buried at St Albans Cathedral. 22/06/2022-26/06/2023 Publisher Url

Roughley M, Liu C, Wilkinson C. ‘Science, not Fiction’ (2023) at Glastonbury Festival, Science Futures area exhibiting 3D facial depictions of Pharaoh Rameses II, 21/06/2023-25/06/2023 Publisher Url

Chapters

Roughley M, Liu C-YJ. Digital 2D, 2.5D and 3D methods for adding photo-realistic textures to 3D facial depictions of people from the past Rea P. Biomedical Visualisation 11 Springer International Publishing DOI Author Url Publisher Url Public Url

Professional activities

Award:

THE Award. Research Project of the Year: Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, Times Higher Education, https://the-awards.co.uk/2023/en/page/archive-2023. 2023

Certificate of Recognition for bringing the Biennial Scientific Meeting of the International Association for Craniofacial Identification to Liverpool 28-31July 2022, which contributed £140,000 economic impact to the city region., Club Liverpool, The City of Liverpool, https://clubliverpool.co.uk/. 2023

Liverpool John Moores University's Vice-Chancellor's Award for Excellence- Impact Story (2022) - Presented to Professor Caroline Wilkinson and the Face Lab team., Liverpool John Moores University. 2022

Research Team of the Year (awarded to Face Lab, LJMU) - Educate North Awards 2019, Educate North, https://www.educatenorth.co.uk/2019-winners. 2019

‘Heritage Project Award’ for Exercise MAGWICH, Ministry of Defence Sanctuary Awards (2018), presented to Operation Nightingale (DIO) and Face Lab (LJMU), Ministry of Defence, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/757743/Sanctuary_magazine_2018_issue.pdf. 2018

‘Silver Otter Award’ for Exercise MAGWICH, Ministry of Defence Sanctuary Awards (2018), presented to Operation Nightingale (DIO) and Face Lab (LJMU), Ministry of Defence, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/757743/Sanctuary_magazine_2018_issue.pdf. 2018

Liverpool John Moores University's Vice-Chancellor's Excellence Award for Excellence in Social and Economic Engagement (2016) - Presented to Professor Caroline Wilkinson and the Face Lab team, Liverpool John Moores University. 2016

Other Professional Activity:

Public Engagement Event: Face Lab LJMU at Liverpool Museum for the Festival of Archaeology 26th July 2023 https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/whatson/museum-of-liverpool/event/face-lab. 2023

Public Engagement Event: Face Lab at Daresbury Laboratory Open Day, 15/07/2023. https://daresbury-openday.co.uk/. 2023

Public Engagement Event: Liverpool LASER - ‘Digital Humans’ at Barclays Eagle Labs, Mann Island, 03/03/2020 https://www.ljmu.ac.uk/microsites/liverpool-laser. 2020

Public Engagement Event: Walker Art Gallery, 11/04/19. Fab Lab Liverpool and MA Art in Science programme at Liverpool School of Art and Design present 'Leonardo's Pop-up Laboratory'. Visit our pop-up laboratory to explore some of the technologies and methods that Leonardo da Vinci may have used if he was alive today, including 3D printing and 3D scanning, and digital haptic or virtual reality sculpting. https://www.ljmu.ac.uk/about-us/events/2019/4/11/leonardos-pop-up-laboratory. 2019

Public Engagement Event: Light Night 2018 'Exploring the Human Face- Understand anatomy and the mix of art and science', John Lennon Art & Design Building, https://www.ljmu.ac.uk/about-us/news/articles/2018/5/2/lightnight-2018. 2018

Public Engagement Event: The GREAT Festival of Innovation (Hong Kong) took place at a historic moment for the UK, Hong Kong and Asian economies, enabling the exchange of innovations that will drive the future of free trade and build life-long partnerships. Over four days (21-24 March 2018), the Festival provided a series of thought-provoking activities involving industry leaders, entrepreneurs, artists and educationalists to an audience from the UK, Hong Kong, China, Japan, South Korea and wider region. Face Lab was invited as a cultural contributor at the festival and Mark Roughley and Dr Jessica Liu gave a presentation on Face Lab’s innovative use of technology, led daily live demos and produced digital artwork at the event that was attended by international leaders in trade and industry leaders in technology, culture and education. https://www.events.trade.gov.uk/the-great-festival-of-innovation-hong-kong-2018/sponsor/face-lab/. 2018

Public Engagement Event: Face Lab were at the 19th Annual Conference of the British Association for Biological Anthropology and Osteoarchaeology at Liverpool School of Art and Design, as part of their public programme of events titled 'Being Human' on Saturday 9th September 2017 https://www.ljmu.ac.uk/conferences/babao/being-human-festival. 2017

Public Engagement Event: Face Lab LJMU at Liverpool Museum for the Festival of Archaeology 27th July 2017 http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/mol/events/displayevent.aspx?EventId=34042. 2017

Public Engagement Event: FACT's Do Something Saturdays - Face Lab LJMU workshop with 'Heirloom' at 'No such Thing as Gravity', FACT Liverpool, 10 Dec 2016 http://www.fact.co.uk/whats-on/current/do-something-saturdays-no-such-thing-as-gravity.aspx?selection=Workshop&when=next7days. 2016

Public Engagement Event: 'No such Thing as Gravity' exhibition opening at FACT - Face Lab LJMU workshop with 'Heirloom' 10th November 2016 http://www.fact.co.uk/whats-on/current/workshop-face-lab-with-ljmu.aspx. 2016

Public Engagement Event: Face Lab LJMU at National Media Museum Bradford for their Lates 'Faces' evening 29th Sept 2016 http://www.nationalmediamuseum.org.uk/planavisit/adultevents/lates. 2016

Public Engagement Event: Face Lab LJMU at Liverpool Museum for the Festival of Archaeology 22nd July 2016 http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/about/mediacentre/2016/dig-the-summer-holidays.aspx. 2016

Public Engagement Event: Face Lab LJMU at Light Night 2016, Aldham Robarts Library, 13/05/2016 http://www.theskinny.co.uk/art/features/liverpool-lightnight-2016. 2016

Public Engagement Event: Face Lab LJMU at Liverpool Museum for the Festival of Archaeology 22nd July 2015. 2015

Public Engagement Event: Face Lab LJMU at Light Night 2015, Liverpool Science Park, 15/05/2015 http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/whats-on/arts-culture-news/liverpool-lightnight-2015-top-picks-9245404. 2015

Membership of professional bodies:

Certified Forensic Anthropologist II [FRAI (Cert FA-II)], Royal Anthropological Institute, https://www.therai.org.uk/forensic-anthropology/certified-faii. 2023

Secretary, The International Association for ​Craniofacial Identification, http://www.craniofacial-id.org/. 2022

Member, British Association for Forensic Anthropology, http://www.bafa.uk/. 2020

Certified Forensic Anthropologist III (FA III), Royal Anthropological Institute, https://www.therai.org.uk/forensic-anthropology/certified-faiii. 2019

Research Grants Awarded:

The British Academy 22-23 BA/Leverhulme Small Research Grants scheme, The Masked Skulls of Colombia: Archaeological Facial Depictions, Professor Caroline Wilkinson, Grant value (£): 9,800, Duration of research project: 2 years. 2023

LJMU QR APSS, The affordances of 3D imaging modalities for forensic facial identification (2022), C.Y. Liu, M. Roughley, Grant value (£): 1911.18, Duration of research project: 6 months. 2022

Media Coverage:

Facial depiction of an individual from St John's College, Oxford, for the 2022 Royal Institution Christmas Lectures. 2022
www.rigb.org
www.ljmu.ac.uk
www.bbc.co.uk

Interviews and coverage on the facial depiction of Ramses II on L'Egypte, une passion française, France 3 - Collaborative work with Professor Caroline Wilkinson, Jessica Liu, Mark Roughley. 2022

BBC coverage of the release of the updated facial depiction of Merseyside's oldest skeleton know as 'Leasowe Man' - Collaborative work with Professor Caroline Wilkinson, Jessica Liu, Mark Roughley

BBC4, Digging for Britain, Series 8, Episode 4, 04/DEC/2019, 21:00. Digging for Britain joins Ministry of Defence archaeologist Richard Osgood on an island near Portsmouth with members of Operation Nightingale, a military initiative using archaeology to aid in the recovery of service personnel injured in conflict. Face Lab produced the facial reconstruction.

Conference presentation:

Roughley, M. and Liu, C-Y.J (2022). Digital 2D, 2.5D and 3D methods for adding photo-realistic textures to 3D facial depictions of people from the past, 19th Biennial Meeting of the International Association for Craniofacial Identiification, Liverpool John Moores University, Oral presentation. 2022

Roughley, M. and Liu, C-Y.J (2022). Workshop: Digital Technologies for Craniofacial Depiction, 19th Biennial Meeting of the International Association for Craniofacial Identiification, Liverpool John Moores University, Other. 2022

Liu, C.Y.J. and Roughley, M. (2021). Rebuilding historical faces from the skull. A look at a recent project with Museum of Liverpool to update the reconstruction of Leasowe Man, Museum of Liverpool #ArchaeoSTEM Twitter Conference, Liverpool, Other. 2021

Conference organisation:

The 19th Biennial meeting of the International Association for Craniofacial identification. ‘Knowledge Transfer; presentation, ethics, bias and expectation’, Host and organiser, http://www.craniofacial-id.org/next-meeting.html. 2022

The 19th Biennial meeting of The International Association for Craniofacial Identification: Race and Face: bias in forensic and archaeological investigation [one day virtual short program], Organiser and host, http://www.craniofacial-id.org/next-meeting.html. 2021

Inaugural Graduate School PGR Conference 2016. 2016