Mary Whiton Calkins (1863-1930)

• Earned an undergraduate degree from Smith College in classics and philosophy before studying psychology.
• Granted special permission to attend seminars at the all-male Harvard University.
• Developed the memory paired-associate experimental paradigm for her Ph.D.
• Fulfilled all the requirements for a Ph.D. with distinction, however was denied the title because she was female.
• American Psychological Association’s first female president.

Text: Verywell Mind (Accessed 25 May 2021)

Image: © Harvard University

Author: Ellie Glover

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